1. Fundamentals

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act (): Established in 1995, it's a mandatory, comprehensive, and universal health insurance system that covers 99% of the population.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law (): Enacted in 2008, it's a mandatory health insurance system that aims to provide health insurance coverage to the entire population.

2. Coverage

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Covers 99% of the population, including citizens, foreign nationals, and foreign workers.
  • Provides comprehensive coverage for inpatient and outpatient services, including doctor visits, hospitalization, surgery, and medical treatment.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Covers citizens, including children under 18, seniors, and people with disabilities.
  • Provides coverage for inpatient and outpatient services, including doctor visits, hospitalization, surgery, and medical treatment.

3. Financing

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Mandatory premiums are paid through a combination of employer-and-employee contributions (50:50) and government subsidies.
  • Premium rates vary based on age, income, and occupation.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Mandatory premiums are paid through government subsidies and employee contributions (in some cases, employers also contribute).
  • Premium rates vary based on income level, profession, and age.

4. Healthcare Providers

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Recognizes and reimburses medical expenses incurred at a wide range of healthcare providers, including public and private hospitals, clinics, and medical centers.
  • Healthcare providers are required to register with the National Health Insurance Administration.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Recognizes and reimburses medical expenses incurred at public hospitals, private hospitals, and medical centers.
  • Healthcare providers must register with the Ministry of Health and Prevention.

5. Benefits and Coverage

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Covers a wide range of medical services, including doctor visits, hospitalization, surgery, and medical treatment.
  • Provides additional benefits, such as dental care, physical therapy, and mental health services.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Covers inpatient and outpatient services, including doctor visits, hospitalization, surgery, and medical treatment.
  • Additional benefits may include dental care, physical therapy, and mental health services.

6. Administrative Structure

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Administered by the National Health Insurance Administration, under the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
  • Ensures the implementation and enforcement of the Act.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Administered by the Ministry of Health and Prevention and the Vietnam Social Security (VSS).
  • Ensures the implementation and enforcement of the Law.

7. Appeals and Dispute Resolution

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Provides a appeals process for disputes related to insurance claims, coverage, and reimbursement.
  • The appeals process involves multiple levels, including administrative, judicial, and social welfare authorities.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Provides a appeals process for disputes related to insurance claims, coverage, and reimbursement.
  • The appeals process involves multiple levels, including administrative and judicial authorities.

8. Penalties and Sanctions

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Imposes penalties and fines for violators, including healthcare providers, insurance companies, and individuals.
  • Imposes sanctions for non-compliance with the Act.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Imposes penalties and fines for violators, including healthcare providers, insurance companies, and individuals.
  • Imposes sanctions for non-compliance with the Law.

9. Amendments and Revisions

• Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act:
  • Has undergone several revisions since its inception in 1995.
  • The most recent revisions focus on increasing coverage, improving healthcare quality, and reducing healthcare costs.
• Vietnam's Health Insurance Law:
  • Has undergone several revisions since its enactment in 2008.
  • The most recent revisions focus on increasing coverage, improving healthcare quality, and reducing healthcare costs.

In conclusion, while both Taiwan's National Health Insurance Act and Vietnam's Health Insurance Law aim to provide comprehensive health insurance coverage to their populations, there are significant differences in their coverage, financing, healthcare providers, benefits, administrative structures, appeals and dispute resolution processes, penalties and sanctions, and amendments and revisions.

1. 基礎

• 台灣的國家健康保險法 (): 1995年制定，是一個強制、綜合、普及的健康保險制度，涵蓋了99%的人口。
• 越南的醫療保險法 (): 2008年制定，是一個強制的醫療保險制度，目的是為了為全體人口提供醫療保險覆蓋。

2. 運用

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
  • 運用99%的人口，包括國民、外籍人士和外籍勞工。
  • 提供全面覆蓋的醫療服務，包括門诊、住院、手術和醫療等。
• 越南的醫療保險法：
  • 運用國民、包括18歲以下的兒童、老年人和殘疾人士。
  • 提供全面覆蓋的醫療服務，包括門诊、住院、手術和醫療等。

3. 財務

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
  • 強制繳納的保險費用是由雇主和員工共同承擔的（50：50），並且政府補助。+保險費率根據年齡、收入和職業而異。
• 越南的醫療保險法：
  • 強制繳納的保險費用是由政府補助和員工承擔的（在某些情況下，雇主也承擔）。
  • 保險費率根據收入水平、職業和年齡而異。

4. 醫療機構

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
  • 認可和垫付醫療費用，包括公立醫院、私立醫院和醫療中心等。
  • 醫療機構需要向國家健康保險管理局註冊。
• 越南的醫療保險法：
  • 認可和垫付醫療費用，包括公立醫院、私立醫院和醫療中心等。
  • 醫療機構需要向越南社會保險局註冊。

5. 優惠和覆蓋

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：+涵蓋了廣泛的醫療服務，包括門诊、住院、手術和醫療等。
• 越南的醫療保險法：+涵蓋了門诊、住院、手術和醫療等醫療服務。

6. 行政架構

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
• 越南的醫療保險法：

7. 上訴和糾正

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
• 越南的醫療保險法：

8. 罰款和懲罰

• 台灣的國家健康保險法：
• 越南的醫療保險法：

9. 修正和修訂